\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$}
\begin{thebibliography}{DWH{\etalchar{+}}80}

\bibitem[AL91]{appel:vm}
Andrew~W. Appel and Kai Li.
\newblock Virtual memory primitives for user programs.
\newblock In {\em ASPLOS, International Conf.\ on Architectural Support for
  Programming Languages and Operating Systems}, pages 96--107, Santa Clara, CA
  {(USA)}, April 1991.

\bibitem[ANS91]{ansiC++}
{ANSI X3J16/ISO WG21} working document, May 1991.
\newblock Draft {ANSI/ISO} standard for the {C++} programming language.

\bibitem[App89]{appel89}
Andrew~W. Appel.
\newblock Runtime tags aren't necessary.
\newblock In {\em Lisp and Symbolic Computation}, volume~2, pages 153--162,
  1989.

\bibitem[Ass91]{pldi91}
Association for Computing Machinery.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of PLDI '91}, June 1991.
\newblock Published as SIGPLAN v26\#6.

\bibitem[Bar88]{compact:Ba88}
Joel~F. Bartlett.
\newblock Compacting garbage collection with ambiguous roots.
\newblock Technical Report 88/2, Digital Equipment Corporation, Western
  Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, California, February 1988.

\bibitem[Bar89]{bartlett:mostly}
Joel~F. Bartlett.
\newblock Mostly copying garbage collection picks up generations and {C++}.
\newblock Technical Report TN--12, DEC WRL, October 1989.

\bibitem[BDS91]{boehm91}
Hans-J. Boehm, Alan~J. Demers, and Scott Shenker.
\newblock Mostly parallel garbage collection.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of PLDI '91\/} \cite{pldi91}, pages 157--164.
\newblock Published as SIGPLAN v26\#6.

\bibitem[Boe91]{boehm:position:gc91}
Hans-J. Boehm.
\newblock Simple gc-safe compilation, 1991.
\newblock Workshop on garbage collection in OOPLs at OOPSLA '91.

\bibitem[BW88]{uncoop:BW88}
Hans-Juergen Boehm and Mark Weiser.
\newblock Garbage collection in an uncooperative environment.
\newblock {\em Software---Practice and Experience}, 18(9):807--820, September
  1988.

\bibitem[Det90]{detlefs90}
David Detlefs.
\newblock Concurrent garbage collection for {C}++.
\newblock Technical Report CMU-CS-90-119, Carnegie Mellon, 1990.

\bibitem[Dic]{dickman:gc92}
Peter Dickman.
\newblock Trading space for time in the garbage collection of actors.
\newblock {\em Submitted to} OOPSLA '92.

\bibitem[DWH{\etalchar{+}}80]{demers:conservative}
Alan Demers, Mark Weiser, Barry Hayes, Hans Boehm, Daniel Bobrow, and Scott
  Shenker.
\newblock Combining generational and conservative garbage collection: Framework
  and implementations.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of POPL '90}, pages 261--269. Association for
  Computing Machinery, January 1980.

\bibitem[Ede]{edelson:usenix92}
Daniel~R. Edelson.
\newblock Smart pointers: They're smart but they're not pointers.
\newblock Submitted to the 1992 Usenix C++ Conference.

\bibitem[Ede92a]{edelson:popl92}
Daniel~R. Edelson.
\newblock A mark-and-sweep collector for {C++}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of POPL '92}, pages 51--58. Association for
  Computing Machinery, January 1992.

\bibitem[Ede92b]{edelson:m-s}
Daniel~R. Edelson.
\newblock Comparing two garbage collectors for {C++}, in unpublished form,
  1992.

\bibitem[EP91]{edelson91}
Daniel~R. Edelson and Ira Pohl.
\newblock A copying collector for {C++}.
\newblock In {\em Usenix C++ Conference Proceedings\/} \cite{usenix91}, pages
  85--102.

\bibitem[Fer91]{ferreira:91}
Paulo Ferreira.
\newblock Garbage collection in c++, July 1991.
\newblock Position paper for the OOPSLA '91 Workshop on Garbage Collection.

\bibitem[Gin91]{ginter:91}
Andrew Ginter.
\newblock Cooperative garbage collectors using smart pointers in the c++
  programming language.
\newblock Master's thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Calgary,
  December 1991.
\newblock Tech. Rpt. 91/451/45.

\bibitem[Gol91]{goldberg91}
Benjamin Goldberg.
\newblock Tag-free garbage collection for strongly typed programming languages.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of PLDI '91\/} \cite{pldi91}, pages 165--176.
\newblock Published as SIGPLAN v26\#6.

\bibitem[Gro92]{grossman92}
Ed~Grossman.
\newblock Using smart pointers for transparent access to objects on disk or
  across a network, 1992.
\newblock private communication.

\bibitem[Kar89]{minimize-caltech89}
Kevin Karplus.
\newblock Using if-then-else {DAGs} for multi-level logic minimization.
\newblock In Charles~L. Seitz, editor, {\em Advanced Research in {VLSI}:
  Proceedings of the Decennial {Caltech} Conference on {VLSI}}, pages 101--118,
  Pasadena, CA, 20-22 March 1989.

\bibitem[Ken91]{oath}
Brian Kennedy.
\newblock The features of the object-oriented abstract type hierarchy ({OATH}).
\newblock In {\em Usenix C++ Conference Proceedings\/} \cite{usenix91}, pages
  41--50.

\bibitem[KWN90]{kafura:actors:gc}
Dennis Kafura, Doug Washabaugh, and Jeff Nelson.
\newblock Garbage collection of actors.
\newblock In {\em OOPSLA/ECOOP '90 Conference Proceedings}, pages 126--134,
  October 1990.
\newblock Published as SIGPLAN v25\#10.

\bibitem[LH83]{collector:LH83}
Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt.
\newblock A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects.
\newblock {\em Communications of the ACM}, 26(6):419--429, June 1983.

\bibitem[Mae92]{maeder92}
Roman~E. Maeder.
\newblock A provably correct reference count scheme for a symbolic computation
  system, 1992.
\newblock in unpublished form.

\bibitem[Moo84]{moon:ephemeral_gc}
David Moon.
\newblock Garbage collection in a large {LISP} system.
\newblock In {\em SIGPLAN Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programming}, pages
  235--246. Association for Computing Machinery, 1984.

\bibitem[Rus91a]{russo91}
Vincent Russo, 1991.
\newblock Using the parallel Boehm/Weiser/Demers collector in an operating
  system: private communication.

\bibitem[Rus91b]{russo91:pos}
Vincent Russo.
\newblock Garbage collecting an object-oriented operating system kernel, 1991.
\newblock Position paper at the OOPSLA '92 Workshop on GC in Object-Oriented
  Systems.

\bibitem[Str87]{St:evolution}
Bjarne Stroustrup.
\newblock The evolution of {C++} 1985 to 1987.
\newblock In {\em Usenix C++ Workshop Proceedings}, pages 1--22. Usenix
  Association, November 1987.

\bibitem[Str91]{St91}
Bjarne Stroustrup.
\newblock {\em The {C++} Programming Language}.
\newblock Addison-Wesley, $2^{\rm{nd}}$ edition, 1991.

\bibitem[UJ88]{tenure:UJ88}
David Ungar and Frank Jackson.
\newblock Tenuring policies for generation-based storage reclamation.
\newblock In {\em OOPSLA '88 Conference Proceedings}, pages 1--17, September
  1988.
\newblock Published as SIGPLAN v23\#11.

\bibitem[Ung86]{soar86}
David Ungar.
\newblock {\em The Design and Evaluation of a High Performance Smalltalk
  System}.
\newblock The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986.

\bibitem[Use91]{usenix91}
Usenix Association.
\newblock {\em Usenix C++ Conference Proceedings}, April 1991.

\bibitem[Wen88]{wentworth:phd}
E.~P. Wentworth.
\newblock {\em An environment for investigating functional languages and
  implementations}.
\newblock PhD thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1988.

\bibitem[Wen90]{pitfalls:wentworth90}
E.~P. Wentworth.
\newblock Pitfalls of conservative garbage collection.
\newblock {\em Software---Practice and Experience}, pages 719--727, July 1990.

\bibitem[Wil90]{wilson:issues}
Paul Wilson.
\newblock Some issues and strategies and heap management and memory
  hierarchies, August 1990.
\newblock Workshop on GC in OOPLs at OOPSLA/ECOOP '90.

\bibitem[Yon90]{yonezawa90}
Akinori Yonezawa.
\newblock {\em An Object Oriented Concurrent System}.
\newblock The MIT Press, 1990.

\bibitem[YY91]{yasugi91:position}
Masahiro Yasugi and Akinori Yonezawa.
\newblock Towards user (application) language-level garbage collection in
  object-oriented concurrent languages, 1991.
\newblock OOPSLA Workshop on Garbage Collection in OO Systems.

\end{thebibliography}
